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1.
J. bras. pneumol ; 48(3): e20210340, 2022. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS, BIGG | ID: biblio-1375742

ABSTRACT

To evaluate clinical predictors of poor sleep quality in COPD patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Methods: Consecutive stable patients with COPD were evaluated for OSA by means of overnight polysomnography; for sleep quality by means of the Pittsburgh Sleep Quality Index (PSQI); and for disease impact by means of the COPD Assessment Test. COPD severity was graded in accordance with the 2020 GOLD guidelines. Predictors of poor sleep quality were evaluated by multivariate logistic regression analysis. Results: We studied 51 patients with COPD alone and 51 patients with COPD and OSA. Both groups had similar age (66.2 ± 9.2 years vs. 69.6 ± 10.7, p = 0.09) and airflow limitation (p = 0.37). Poor sleep quality was present in 74.8% of the study participants, with no significant difference between COPD patients with and without OSA regarding PSQI scores (p = 0.73). Polysomnography showed increased stage 1 non-rapid eye movement sleep and arousal index, as well as reduced sleep efficiency and stage 3 non-rapid eye movement sleep, in the group of patients with COPD and OSA (p < 0.05). Independent predictors of poor sleep quality were GOLD grade C/D COPD (OR = 6.4; 95% CI, 1.79-23.3; p < 0.01), a COPD Assessment Test score ≥ 10 (OR = 12.3; 95% CI, 4.1-36.5; p < 0.01), and lowest SaO2 < 80% (p < 0.0001). Conclusions: Poor sleep quality is quite common in patients with COPD and is associated with severe COPD and poor health status, having a negative impact on overall quality of life. Despite changes in polysomnography, OSA appears to have no impact on subjective sleep quality in COPD patients.


Avaliar os preditores clínicos de má qualidade do sono em pacientes com DPOC, com e sem apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS). Métodos: Pacientes estáveis consecutivos com DPOC foram avaliados quanto à AOS por meio de polissonografia noturna; quanto à qualidade do sono por meio do Índice de Qualidade do Sono de Pittsburgh (IQSP) e quanto ao impacto da doença por meio do Teste de Avaliação da DPOC. A gravidade da DPOC foi classificada conforme as diretrizes de 2020 da GOLD. Os preditores de má qualidade do sono foram avaliados por meio de análise de regressão logística multivariada. Resultados: Foram estudados 51 pacientes com DPOC apenas e 51 pacientes com DPOC e AOS. Ambos os grupos eram semelhantes quanto à idade (66,2 ± 9,2 anos vs. 69,6 ± 10,7, p = 0,09) e limitação do fluxo aéreo (p = 0,37). Sono de má qualidade esteve presente em 74,8% dos participantes, sem diferença significativa entre os pacientes com DPOC, com e sem AOS, quanto à pontuação no IQSP (p = 0,73). A polissonografia mostrou aumento do estágio 1 do sono non-rapid eye movement e do índice de despertares, bem como redução da eficiência do sono e do estágio 3 do sono non-rapid eye movement nos pacientes com DPOC e AOS (p < 0,05). Os preditores independentes de má qualidade do sono foram DPOC grau C/D da GOLD (OR = 6,4; IC95%: 1,79-23,3; p < 0,01), pontuação ≥ 10 no Teste de Avaliação da DPOC (OR = 12,3; IC95%: 4,1-36,5; p < 0,01) e menor SaO2 < 80% (p < 0,0001). Conclusões: O sono de má qualidade é bastante comum em pacientes com DPOC e apresenta relação com DPOC grave e estado de saúde ruim, além de ter impacto negativo na qualidade de vida global. Não obstante as alterações na polissonografia, a AOS aparentemente não tem impacto na qualidade do sono referida por pacientes com DPOC.


Subject(s)
Humans , Aged , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/complications , Pulmonary Disease, Chronic Obstructive/complications , Sleep Quality , Polysomnography
3.
Clinics ; 76: e2926, 2021. tab, graf
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-1339699

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVES: To describe the MORPHEOS (Morbidity in patients with uncontrolled HTN and OSA) trial, and describe the challenges imposed by the COVID-19 pandemic. METHODS: MORPHEOS is a multicenter (n=6) randomized controlled trial designed to evaluate the blood pressure (BP) lowering effects of treatment with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) or placebo (nasal strips) for 6 months in adult patients with uncontrolled hypertension (HTN) and moderate-to-severe obstructive sleep apnea (OSA). Patients using at least one antihypertensive medication were included. Uncontrolled HTN was confirmed by at least one abnormal parameter in the 24-hour ABPM and ≥80% medication adherence evaluated by pill counting after the run-in period. OSA was defined by an apnea-hypopnea index ≥15 events/hours. The co-primary endpoints are brachial BP (office and ambulatory BP monitoring, ABPM) and central BP. Secondary outcomes include hypertension-mediated organ damage (HMOD) to heart, aorta, eye, and kidney. We pre-specified several sub-studies from this investigation. Visits occur once a week in the first month and once a month thereafter. The programmed sample size was 176 patients but the pandemic prevented this final target. A post-hoc power analysis will be calculated from the final sample. ClinicalTrials.gov: NCT02270658. RESULTS: The first 100 patients are predominantly males (n=69), age: 52±10 years, body mass index: 32.7±3.9 kg/m2 with frequent co-morbidities. CONCLUSIONS: The MORPHEOS trial has a unique study design including a run-in period; pill counting, and detailed analysis of hypertension-mediated organ damage in patients with uncontrolled HTN that will allow clarification of the impact of OSA treatment with CPAP.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Adult , Middle Aged , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/therapy , COVID-19 , Hypertension/therapy , Hypertension/epidemiology , Blood Pressure , Continuous Positive Airway Pressure , Pandemics , SARS-CoV-2
4.
Motriz (Online) ; 23(4): e101719, 2017. tab, ilus
Article in English | LILACS | ID: biblio-895025

ABSTRACT

Meta-analytical studies have indicated that isometric handgrip training promotes significant reduction in blood pressure in hypertensive patients with similar or greater decreases in blood pressure than observed after aerobic and dynamic resistance training. However, several gaps in the literature still need to be addressed. Thus, we designed the ISOPRESS network group, which consists of a task force of different research groups aimed at analyzing the effects of isometric handgrip training on different contexts, parameters, and populations. Thus, the aim of this study was to describe the rationale and design behind the ISOPRESS, presenting the methods employed. The ISOPRESS questions involve whether isometric handgrip training is effective in hypertensives in different settings (ISOPRESS 1 - unsupervised training and ISOPRESS 2 - public health system), whether it works in patients with other cardiovascular diseases (ISOPRESS 3 - obstructive sleep apnea and ISOPRESS 4 - peripheral artery disease) and what are the mechanisms underlying the effects of isometric handgrip training in hypertensives (ISOPRESS 5 - neural mechanism). The study will yield information on the effectiveness of isometric handgrip training in different settings and patients with other cardiovascular diseases. Finally, it will help to understand the mechanisms involved in reducing blood pressure in hypertensives.(AU)


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Adult , Middle Aged , Blood Pressure/physiology , Cardiovascular Diseases/physiopathology , Exercise/physiology , Hypertension
5.
Clinics ; 68(7): 992-996, jul. 2013. tab
Article in English | LILACS | ID: lil-680696

ABSTRACT

OBJECTIVE: Obstructive sleep apnea is common among patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy and may contribute to poor cardiovascular outcomes. However, obstructive sleep apnea is largely unrecognized in this population. We sought to identify the clinical predictors of obstructive sleep apnea among patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy. METHODS: Consecutive patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy were recruited from a tertiary University Hospital and were evaluated using validated sleep questionnaires (Berlin and Epworth) and overnight portable monitoring. Ninety patients (males, 51%; age, 46±15 years; body mass index, 26.6±4.9 kg/m2) were included, and obstructive sleep apnea (respiratory disturbance index ≥15 events/h) was present in 37 patients (41%). RESULTS: Compared with the patients without obstructive sleep apnea, patients with obstructive sleep apnea were older and had higher body mass index, larger waist circumference, larger neck circumference, and higher prevalence of atrial fibrillation. Excessive daytime sleepiness (Epworth scale) was low and similar in the patients with and without obstructive sleep apnea, respectively. The only predictors of obstructive sleep apnea (using a logistic regression analysis) were age ≥45 years (odds ratio [OR], 4.46; 95% confidence interval [CI 95%], 1.47-13.54; p = 0.008) and the presence of atrial fibrillation [OR, 5.37; CI 95%, 1.43-20.12; p = 0.013]. CONCLUSION: Consistent clinical predictors of obstructive sleep apnea are lacking for patients with hypertrophic cardiomyopathy, which suggests that objective sleep evaluations should be considered in this population, particularly among elderly patients with atrial fibrillation. .


Subject(s)
Adult , Female , Humans , Male , Middle Aged , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/complications , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis , Atrial Fibrillation/physiopathology , Body Mass Index , Cross-Sectional Studies , Cardiomyopathy, Hypertrophic/physiopathology , Predictive Value of Tests , Reference Values , Risk Factors , Statistics, Nonparametric , Surveys and Questionnaires , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/etiology , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathology , Time Factors
6.
Arq. bras. cardiol ; 97(2)ago. 2011. ilus, tab
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-601771

ABSTRACT

A apneia obstrutiva do sono (AOS) é uma condição clínica comum na população em geral, principalmente entre os pacientes portadores de doenças cardiovasculares. Mais do que um fenômeno local de obstrução das vias aéreas superiores, a AOS traz repercussões sistêmicas que podem incluir a hipóxia intermitente, a redução abrupta da pressão intratorácica e a ocorrência de microdespertares com fragmentação do sono. Nas últimas décadas, inúmeras evidências apontam de forma consistente a AOS como um importante fator envolvido na ocorrência de doenças cardiovasculares. Particularmente, a relação entre a AOS e a hipertensão arterial sistêmica (HAS) é a que encontra um maior conjunto de evidências. Atualmente, encontram-se dados que consideram a AOS uma importante causa secundária de HAS. Mais do que isso, a AOS está independentemente associada a um pior controle pressórico, alteração do descenso noturno da pressão arterial e à presença de lesões de órgãos-alvo, tais como a hipertrofia do ventrículo esquerdo e a microalbuminúria. Estudos randomizados sugerem que o tratamento da AOS, especialmente com a pressão positiva contínua de vias aéreas superiores (CPAP), considerado o tratamento padrão para a AOS, promove redução significante da pressão arterial nas 24 horas, efeito esse mais significante no subgrupo de pacientes com HAS não controlada e nos pacientes com HAS resistente. A despeito de todas essas evidências, a AOS ainda continua sendo subdiagnosticada. O objetivo desta revisão é discutir os recentes avanços nos mecanismos fisiopatológicos, na apresentação clínica e no tratamento da AOS, e o benefício sobre a pressão arterial.


Obstructive sleep apnea (OSA) is a common clinical condition in the general population, especially among patients with cardiovascular diseases. More than just a local phenomenon of upper respiratory tract obstruction, OSA leads to systemic consequences that may include intermittent hypoxia, sudden reduction of the intrathoracic pressure, and the occurrence of micro-awakenings with sleep fragmentation. In the past decades, innumerous evidences have consistently pointed to OSA as an important factor related to the presence of cardiovascular diseases. In particular, the relationship between OSA and systemic hypertension (SH) is the one supported by the largest body of evidence. Currently, there are data suggesting that OSA is an important secondary cause of SH. More importantly, OSA is independently associated with poorer blood pressure control, changes in sleep dip, and presence of target-organ damage such as left ventricular hypertrophy and microalbuminuria. Randomized studies suggest that the management of OSA, especially with continuous positive airway pressure (CPAP) - which is considered the standard treatment for OSA - promotes a significant 24-hour blood pressure reduction, and this effect is more significant in the subgroup of patients with uncontrolled SH and drug-resistant SH. Despite all those evidences, OSA has still been underdiagnosed. The objective of this review is to discuss the recent advances in the pathophysiological mechanisms, clinical presentation, and treatment of OSA, as well as the benefits this treatment can bring on blood pressure.


La apnea obstructiva del sueño (AOS) es una condición clínica común en la población en general, principalmente entre los pacientes portadores de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Más que un fenómeno local de obstrucción de las vías aéreas superiores, la AOS trae repercusiones sistémicas que pueden incluir la hipoxia intermitente, la reducción abrupta de la presión intratorácica y la ocurrencia de microdespertares con fragmentación del sueño. En las últimas décadas, innúmeras evidencias señalan de forma consistente la AOS como un importante factor envuelto en la ocurrencia de enfermedades cardiovasculares. Particularmente, la relación entre la AOS y la Hipertensión Arterial Sistémica (HAS) es la que encuentra un mayor conjunto de evidencias. Actualmente, se encuentran datos que consideran la AOS una importante causa secundaria de HAS. Más que eso, la AOS está independientemente asociada a un peor control presórico, alteración del descenso nocturno de la presión arterial y a la presencia de lesiones de órganos-blanco, tales como la hipertrofia del ventrículo izquierdo y la microalbuminuria. Estudios randomizados sugieren que el tratamiento de la AOS, especialmente con la presión positiva continua de vías aéreas superiores (CPAP), considerado el tratamiento estándar para la AOS, promueve reducción significativa de la presión arterial en las 24 horas, efecto ese más significativo en el subgrupo de pacientes con HAS no controlada y en los pacientes con HAS resistente. A despecho de todas esas evidencias, la AOS aun continúa siendo subdiagnosticada. El objetivo de esta revisión es discutir los recientes avances en los mecanismos fisiopatológicos, en la presentación clínica y en el tratamiento de la AOS, y el beneficio sobre la presión arterial.


Subject(s)
Humans , Hypertension/etiology , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/complications , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathology
7.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 20(4): 436-442, out.-dez. 2010.
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-574393

ABSTRACT

A apneia obstrutiva do sono é muito comum na população em geral, sendo ainda mais comum entre os pacientes com doença cardiovascular estabelecida. A apneia obstrutiva do sono é considerada fator de risco para o desenvolvimento de hipertensão arterial sistêmica, insuficiência cardíaca, infarto do miocárdio, acidente vascular encefálico e arritmias cardíacas. Dentre as arritmias mais comuns e associadas com apneia obstrutiva do sono destacamos a fibrilação atrial, as bradiarritmias e as arritmias ventriculares. Diversos mecanismos fisiopatológicos, incluindo as vias neural, humoral hemodinâmica e metabólica, são responsáveis pelos efeitos negativos da apneia obstrutiva do sono nas doenças cardiovasculares. Evidências científicas atuais sugerem que os cardiologistas identifiquem os subgrupos de pacientes portadores de alto risco para apneia obstrutiva do sono, sua referência para a polissonografia e a indicação do tratamento com pressão positiva contínua em vias aéreas (CPAP). A identificação e o tratamento da apneia obstrutiva do sono melhoram a qualidade de vida dos pacientes e podem prevenir os efeitos negativos da apneia obstrutiva do sono nas arritmias cardíacas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Middle Aged , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/complications , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/diagnosis
9.
Rev. Soc. Cardiol. Estado de Säo Paulo ; 18(2): 114-121, abr.-jun. 2008. ilus
Article in Portuguese | LILACS | ID: lil-497439

ABSTRACT

A síndrome da apnéia obstrutiva do sono é uma entidade muito prevalente e ainda pouco diagnosticada em individuos obesos e em hipertensos. Caracteriza-se por episódios recorrentes de cessação do fluxo aéreo decorrente do colapso inspiratório das vias aéreas durante o sono, frequentemente acompanhada por queda da saturação arterial de oxigênio e/ou despertares breves. As alterações hemodinâmicas e metabólicas causadas por esses fenômenos contribuem para o desenvolvimento da hipertensão arterial e suas consequências para o sistema cardiovascular. Discutiremos nesta breve revisão os princípios fisiopatólogicos envolvidos na síndrome de apnéia obstrutiva do sono e da obesidade na gênese da hipertensão arterial, como também as peculiaridades de seu tratamento com base nas mais recentes evidências clínicas.


Subject(s)
Humans , Male , Female , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/complications , Sleep Apnea, Obstructive/physiopathology , Hypertension/complications , Hypertension/therapy , Obesity/complications , Obesity/physiopathology
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